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<p>[toc]</p>
<h1 id="_1">服务端开发环境搭建</h1>
<h2 id="1">1 实验类型</h2>
<p>验证型，2学时，必选实验</p>
<h2 id="2">2 实验目的</h2>
<p>掌握<em>pip</em>工具安装程序依赖；掌握<em>venv</em>创建虚拟环境；熟悉<em>Uvicorn</em>服务器搭建；</p>
<h2 id="3">3 实验内容与要求</h2>
<p>以<em>FastAPI</em>框架为例，使用<em>pip</em>，<em>venv</em>，<em>Uvicorn</em>等搭建Python Web服务器运行环境。</p>
<h2 id="4">4 实验环境</h2>
<p><code>Microsoft Edge/Chrome/Firefox</code>等浏览器，<code>Visual Studio Code</code>，<code>REST Client</code>，<code>Python 3.4+</code>，<code>FastAPI</code>，<code>Uvicorn</code></p>
<h2 id="_2">步骤</h2>
<h3 id="rest-client">安装<code>REST Client</code>扩展</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>打开<em>Visual Studio Code</em>并打开<em>扩展</em>视图</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>搜索<em>REST Clint</em>扩展并安装</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="windowspip">加速Windows下<em>pip</em>工具下载速度</h3>
<p>可使用国内镜像网站作为依赖安装源，步骤如下：</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>在<code>C:\Users\{User Name}\AppData\Roaming\</code>目录下创建<strong>pip</strong>文件夹</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>在pip目录下创建<strong>pip.ini</strong>文件，内容如下：</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="k">[global]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="na">index-url</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="k">[install]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="na">use-mirrors</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">true</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="na">mirrors</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="na">trusted-host</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">mirrors.aliyun.com</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="fastapi">安装<em>FastAPI</em>运行依赖</h3>
<ol>
<li>查看当前<em>pip</em>版本</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>py<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>pip<span class="w"> </span>--version
</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>创建工作目录<code>学号</code>，最终目录结构如下（包含创建的各类文件）：</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>学号:.
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>│<span class="w">  </span>index.html
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>│<span class="w">  </span>math_test.http
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a>│<span class="w">  </span>my_server.py
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a>└─public
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w">        </span>jquery-3.6.1.min.js
</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>
<p>进入工作目录<code>{WORK_DIR}</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用<em>venv</em>创建虚拟环境目录<code>.venv</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>py<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>venv<span class="w"> </span>.venv
</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>激活虚拟环境：</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>.venv<span class="se">\s</span>cripts<span class="se">\a</span>ctivate
</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>安装依赖包：</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>pip<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span>fastapi
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>pip<span class="w"> </span>install<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;uvicorn[standard]&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>查看虚拟环境中已安装的依赖名</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>pip<span class="w"> </span>list
</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>在工作目录下生成当前虚拟环境的依赖列表</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a>py<span class="w"> </span>-m<span class="w"> </span>pip<span class="w"> </span>freeze<span class="w"> </span>&gt;<span class="w"> </span>requirements.txt
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="_3">开发算术运算服务</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>在工作目录新建<code>{WORK_DIR}\my_server.py</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>使用<em>FastAPI</em>编写如下服务：</p>
</li>
</ol>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>服务</th>
<th>功能</th>
<th>请求方式</th>
<th>输入</th>
<th>输出</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>add</td>
<td>加法</td>
<td>POST</td>
<td>a:浮点数，b:浮点数</td>
<td>a+b:浮点数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>minus</td>
<td>减法</td>
<td>GET</td>
<td>a:浮点数，b:浮点数</td>
<td>a-b:浮点数</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>参考代码如下：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="c1">#my_server.py</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">logging</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">fastapi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">pydantic</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">BaseModel</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">uvicorn</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="n">log</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">getLogger</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;my_server&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FastAPI</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">AddInput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">BaseModel</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;加法输入&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a>  <span class="n">a</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a>  <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">float</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">post</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/add&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">AddInput</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;加法服务&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a>  <span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;input:</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">,</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a>  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">v</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">b</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;/minus&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="k">async</span> <span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nb">float</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;减法服务&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a>  <span class="n">log</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">debug</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;input:</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">,</span><span class="si">{}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">))</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a>  <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">b</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">start</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">port</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">int</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8888</span><span class="p">):</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="sd">&#39;&#39;&#39;启动FastAPI服务器&#39;&#39;&#39;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a>  <span class="n">config</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">uvicorn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">app</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">port</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">log_level</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">&quot;info&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reload</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a>  <span class="n">server</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">uvicorn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Server</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31" href="#__codelineno-8-31"></a>  <span class="n">server</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-32" name="__codelineno-8-32" href="#__codelineno-8-32"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-8-33" name="__codelineno-8-33" href="#__codelineno-8-33"></a><span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s2">&quot;__main__&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-34" name="__codelineno-8-34" href="#__codelineno-8-34"></a>  <span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">basicConfig</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">level</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DEBUG</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-35" name="__codelineno-8-35" href="#__codelineno-8-35"></a>  <span class="n">start</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>启动服务</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a>py<span class="w"> </span>my_server.py
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="_4">服务测试</h3>
<ol>
<li>
<p>在工作目录下创建<em>REST Client</em>请求文件<code>math_test.http</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>为<code>add</code>,<code>minus</code>服务编写请求</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="err">@host = http://127.0.0.1:8888</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="err">### add服务</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="nf">POST</span> <span class="nn">{{host}}/add</span> <span class="kr">HTTP</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="m">1.1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="na">content-type</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="l">application/json</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-6" name="__codelineno-10-6" href="#__codelineno-10-6"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-10-7" name="__codelineno-10-7" href="#__codelineno-10-7"></a><span class="p">{</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-8" name="__codelineno-10-8" href="#__codelineno-10-8"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-9" name="__codelineno-10-9" href="#__codelineno-10-9"></a><span class="w">  </span><span class="nt">&quot;b&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">2.0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-10" name="__codelineno-10-10" href="#__codelineno-10-10"></a><span class="p">}</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-11" name="__codelineno-10-11" href="#__codelineno-10-11"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-10-12" name="__codelineno-10-12" href="#__codelineno-10-12"></a><span class="err">###</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">mi</span><span class="kc">nus</span><span class="err">服务</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-13" name="__codelineno-10-13" href="#__codelineno-10-13"></a><span class="err">GET</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{{</span><span class="err">hos</span><span class="kc">t</span><span class="p">}}</span><span class="err">/mi</span><span class="kc">nus</span><span class="err">?a=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="err">&amp;b=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">HTTP/</span><span class="mf">1.1</span>
</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>发送请求，观察返回结果</li>
</ol>












                
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